Advanced Instrumentation

Advanced aircraft and cockpits contain instrumentation not found on light training aircraft. These include:

• Horizontal Situation Indicators (HSIs), which combine a heading indicator with a course deviation indicator and/or glideslope indicator.

• Laser gyroscopes, which use laser systems to produce the gyroscopic measurements for the gyroscopic instrument family and reduce the error in most attitude, heading, and turn and bank indicators.

• RMI (Radio Magnetic Indicator), which combines a heading indicator with an Automatic Direction Finder (ADF).

• Integrated displays, which may display, for example, an airspeed indicator, altitude indicator, turn and bank indicator, and altimeter on one CRT (cathode ray tube) in the cockpit. Most modern jet aircraft have these types of displays.